Vejo-o or o vejo? Where pronouns go in European Portuguese

In Portugal, me, te, o and a usually come after the verb, joined with a hyphen, but a few words pull them in front. Here's the short version.

The default: after the verb

In a simple affirmative sentence, the pronoun goes after the verb, with a hyphen. This is one of the clearest differences from Brazil.

Words that pull it in front

Some words bring the pronoun before the verb: negatives (não, nunca, ninguém), question words (quem, onde, porque), some adverbs (já, também, ainda, só, sempre) and que introducing a clause.

Small spelling changes

With o, a, os, as, the forms change: after a verb ending in -r, -s, -z, that letter drops and the pronoun becomes -lo, -la (comprar → vou comprá-lo, I'm going to buy it); after a nasal sound, it becomes -no, -na (dão-no, they give it).